How particle accelerator works.

Introduction.

A particle accelerator is a machine that accelerates elementary particles, such as electrons or protons, to very high energies. On a basic level, particle accelerators produce beams of charged particles that can be used for a variety of research purposes. There are two basic types of particle accelerators: linear accelerators and circular accelerators. Linear accelerators propel particles along a linear, or straight, beamline. Circular accelerators propel particles around a circular track. Linear accelerators are used for fixed-target experiments, whereas circular accelerators can be used for both colliding beam and fixed target experiments.

How it works?

Particle accelerators use electrical fields to speed up and increase the energy of a beam of particles, that are steered and centered by magnetic fields. The particle supply provides the particles, like protons or electrons, that are to be accelerated. The beam of particles travels within a vacuum within the metal beam pipe. The vacuum is crucial to maintaining an air and dirt free atmosphere for the beam of particles to travel clear. Electromagnets steer and focus the beam of particles whereas it travels through the thermionic valve.

Electric fields spaced around the accelerator switch from positive to negative at a given frequency, making radio waves that accelerate particles in bunches. Particles will be directed at a set target, like a skinny piece of metal foil, or 2 beams of particles will collide. Particle detectors record and reveal the particles and radiation that square measure made by the collision between a beam of particles and also the target.

This article is referred from helloearth.in

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