Mangalyaan ISRO's mission complete details | Updates on Mangalyaan 2

Mangalyaan ISRO's mission complete details

Mangalyaan mission Overview.

Mangalyaan or mars orbital mission is an Indias first interplanetary mission conducted to study planet Mars. This mission was launched on 5 November 2013. The probe reached Mars orbit on 24 September 2014. The success of this mission mad India as one of the 4 Nations to reach Mars and India is the only nation to reach Mars in its first attempt.

Mission highlights.

India is the first Asian country to reach Mars and the only nation to succeed in its first attempt.
Mars probe lifted off on 5 November 2013 and reached Mars orbit on 24 September 2014.
The total cost of the mission was only 450 crores Indian rupees. It is the most cost-effective mission till today.
The total mass of the spacecraft during is 1337.24 kg including 852 kg fuel.
The probe consists of 5 scientific instruments namely for Atmospheric studies, Particle environment studies, surface imaging studies.
Isro to save fule used event called Homman transfer orbit. It occurs every 26 months and distance is less in this period.

On 24 September 2015 ISRO released Mars Atlas 120-page atlas. It contains all the images and information sent from the satellite during its first-year mission in mars orbit. On 24 September 2018 Mangalyaan completed 4 years in Mars orbit. But the interesting fact is the whole mission was designed for only six months but it continued without any failure. During this period it captured over 980 colored images and all the images were released to the public.

ISRO'S CHANDRAYAN 2 MISSION DETAILS

Managalyaan Mission Planning, Design, Cost, Status. Complete details.

Planning.

On 23 November 2008 Isro chairmen G. Madhavan Nair announced unmanned mars mission. The actual Mangalyaan mission planning and its study began in 2010. After the launch of Satellite Chandrayan-1 Prime Minister Manmohan Singh approved the project on 3 august 2012. ISRO planned to launch on 28 October 2013, but it was delayed to 5 November 2013.

The launch window for Mangalyaan was 20 days and started on 28 October 2013. Mangalyaan probe spent about 1 month in earth orbit. Then it is pushed to mars travel on 30 November 2013. Probe completed 298 days of travel and sat on mars orbit on 24 September 2014.

First ISRO planned to launch with GSLV (Geosynchronous satellite launch vehicles) but GSLV faced some problems in its cryogenic engines. So it switched to PSLV (Polar satellite launch vehicles). But PSLV is not powerful enough to place the satellite in direct orbit to mars. So PSLV placed the satellite in an elliptical orbit.

PSLV rocket assembly started on 5 august 2013. In Bangalore ISRO satellite center mounting of five scientific instruments is done. Then finished spacecraft is shipped to Sriharikota on 2 October 2013.

Mission Goals.

The primary goal of the mangalyaan was to develop and test the technologies required for interplanetary missions. A secondary goal is to explore and study the Mars planet.

The mission is planned to achieve these following tasks:

Sending the spacecraft from Earth orbit to a Heliocentric trajectory and place it in Mars orbit.
End to end communication in all phases.
Designing satellite at low cost and delivering it to mars orbit.
Meeting power requirements, navigation requirements, thermal insulation, trajectory maintenance.
Studying the Mars surface and from orbital maneuvering. Studying morphology, topology, and mineralogy.
Study the Mars atmospheric contents.

Design.

Spacecraft lift-off weight was 1337.3 kg including 837 kg fuel. Necessary electric power is generated from 3 solar panels. Solar panels generate maximum od 840 watts and stored in 36Ah lithium battery.

For propulsion liquid fuel engine is used with a thrust of 440 newtons. This is used for orbit raising and placing in mars orbit. For communication low gain antenna, mid-gain antenna and high gain antenna are used.

Payload weighs about 15 kg and consists of five scientific instruments. It consists of Lyman alpha photometer for measuring deuterium and hydrogen in the upper atmosphere of Mars.

Methane Sensor for measuring methane in the atmosphere of Mars. But after it entering the Mars orbit instrument developed some flaw and it can not detect methane and it is repurposed as an albedo mapper.

For particle, environment studies Mars exospheric neutral compositional analyzer. For surface imaging thermal infrared imaging spectrometer. A thermal infrared imaging spectrometer can detect thermal emission and can be operated during day and night. TIS would map surface composition, mineralogy, and monitor atmospheric CO2.

The final instrument is a color camera. It is a tricolor camera and takes a clear image of Mars's surface features. Communication is done by two 230 watts and two coherent transponders.

Four trajectory correction was planned and three trajectory correction were carried out.

Cost.

The cost of the mission was around 450 crores(INR). This cost reduction made it the cheapest interplanetary mission carried out till date.

ON BREAKUPS

Current Status.

The probe is placed in a highly elliptical orbit around Mars. The orbital time period is 72hrs 51 minutes 51 seconds. After all the orbital placement of satellite, it is still left with 40kg of fuel. On 28 September 2014 Mangalyaan controllers released the first image of Mars.

On 24 September 2019 Mangalyaan completed 5 years orbiting the mars. During this time it sends 2 terabytes of image data and other scanning data. Still, it has enough fuel to work another year in mars orbit.

Mission Mangalyaan 2 details.

India is working on sending second satellite mangalyaan 2 by the year 2024. This will carry much more scientific instruments and collect much data for upcoming ISRO missions.

Some images sent by the Managalyaan mission.